The technological revolutions of the past two decades have dramatically expanded the interface among the societies and cultures of the world. This has increased the need for the understanding of non-Western societies. Encompassing the period 8000 B.C.E. to the present, this course examines the evolution of global processes and interaction among different human societies, especially Europe, China, India, Japan, and the Middle East. Comparative analysis across these societies is emphasized. The course also addresses the major changes in world orders, their causes and consequences.